Etiopatogenia e implicancia pronóstica en el infarto de miocardio sin obstrucción de las arterias coronarias epicárdicas (MINOCA)

  • Osmar Antonio Centurión Universidad Nacional de Asunción
  • José Fernando Alderete Martínez Universidad Nacional de Asunción
Palabras clave: infarto del miocardio, MINOCA, vasoespasmo coronario, microcirculación

Resumen

El infarto de miocardio sin obstrucción de las arterias coronarias (MINOCA) es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por la evidencia clínica de infarto de miocardio con arterias coronarias normales o con estenosis no significativas en la angiografía coronaria igual o menor a 50%. El MINOCA es un síndrome clínico con múltiples etiologías que pueden afectar tanto los vasos epicárdicos como la microcirculación, con una prevalencia de 6%. Se debe realizar un enfoque de medicina personalizado mediante el cual los pacientes con diferentes subtipos de angina, definidos por los resultados de pruebas coronarias de funcionalidad, puedan beneficiarse de una terapia individualizada y dirigida. Se requiere de un caudal mayor de investigación para determinar si este enfoque puede conducir al paciente a beneficios clínicos. Las pruebas invasivas más generalizadas permiten la identificación de subgrupos de diagnóstico para el desarrollo de terapias dirigidas guiado por estudios mecanicistas. El manejo terapéutico depende de la causa que lo origina, si es que llega a ser identificada. El pronóstico es variable, dependiendo de la causa, y en muchos casos es similar a aquellos casos con obstrucción coronaria. El diagnóstico correcto de la causa subyacente de la angina permite el tratamiento preciso, específico y estratificado de los diferentes tipos de causa etiológica. Esta manera de actuar ha demostrado que este enfoque es seguro, factible y con beneficios demostrables para los pacientes con MINOCA.

Citas

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Publicado
2020-01-30
Sección
ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN