Efectividad de los estudios preoperatorios en pacientes sanos sometidos a cirugías de bajo-moderado riesgo
Resumen
Introducción: los exámenes preoperatorios están indicados según los hallazgos obtenidos en la historia clínica y el examen físico. Se realizan con el propósito de optimizar las condiciones clínicas previas a la cirugía y disminuir las complicaciones perioperatorias.
Objetivos: determinar los resultados de exámenes realizados en la evaluación preoperatoria de pacientes sanos sometidos a cirugías de bajo-moderado riesgo y la relación de dichos resultados con las complicaciones perioperatorias.
Materiales y métodos: fueron reclutados 113 varones y mujeres menores a 50 años, sanos, admitidos en las salas de Cirugía y de Traumatología del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) y sometidos a evaluación preoperatoria por la autora en el período de enero a noviembre de 2014. Los estudios evaluados fueron todos solicitados por los médicos tratantes como parte de su rutina.
Resultados: los procedimientos quirúrgicos más frecuentes fueron la colecistectomía crónica calculosa y la hernioplastia. El examen laboratorial que reveló más alteraciones fue el hepatograma (15,79%), seguido del hematocrito y la glicemia. En cuanto a la radiografía de tórax y el electrocardiograma, no hubo hallazgos anormales significativos relevantes. Se constató un porcentaje mínimo de complicaciones perioperatorias (5,31%).
Conclusión: de todos los estudios realizados en el preoperatorio, se observó por lo menos un resultado anormal en 18,58%. Ningún resultado anormal modificó el manejo perioperatorio ni se relacionó con las complicaciones ocurridas.
Citas
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