Sobrecarga del cuidador del paciente renal crónico. Un estudio piloto del Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción
Palabras clave:
cuidadores, insuficiencia renal crónica
Resumen
Introducción: hacerse cargo del cuidado de un familiar enfermo implica para quien lo realiza, entre
otras complicaciones, descuidar de cierta manera su salud, aislarse o disminuir sus actividades
sociales y aumentar su carga de trabajo, así como sufrir ciertas restricciones, consecuencias
económicas negativas, cambios en la relación con el paciente y problemas sexuales.
Objetivos: determinar los niveles de sobrecarga de los cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad
renal crónica usuarios de diálisis del Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción,
Paraguay.
Metodología: diseño observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, que incluyó a 30 cuidadores
principales de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a diálisis en el Hospital de Clínicas
de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay. La sobrecarga de los cuidadores fue medida a
través del “Cuestionario de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit”.
Resultados: se incluyó a 30 cuidadores principales, 73,3% eran mujeres, 76,7% residían en el
Departamento Central, con edades que oscilaban entre los 18 y 65 años. En el 40% de los casos estos
cuidadores eran familiares de primer grado de los pacientes. Se encontró sobrecarga leve en 10% de
los cuidadores.
Conclusiones: se observó sobrecarga (leve) en los cuidadores de pacientes con ERC. No se encontró
asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de sobrecarga y otras variables.
Citas
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8. Fan SL, Sathick I, McKitty K, Punzalan S. Quality of life of caregivers and patients on peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(5):1713-9.
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11. Shdaifat EA, Manaf MRA. Quality of life of caregivers and patients undergoing haemodialysis at Ministry of Health, Jordan. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 2012; 2(3):75–85.
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13. Rutkowski B, Rychlik I. Daily hemodialysis and caregivers burden. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(7):2074-6.
14. Caqueo-Urízar A, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J, Miranda-Castillo C. Quality of life in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A literature review. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:84.
15. Mashayekhi F, Pilevarzadeh M, Rafati F. The assessment of caregiver burden in caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Mater Sociomed. 2015;27(5):333-6.
16. Nagasawa H, Sugita I, Tachi T, Esaki H, Yoshida A, Kanematsu Y, et al. The relationship between dialysis patients’ quality of life and caregivers’ quality of life. Front Pharmacol. 2018; 9:770.
17. Belasco AG, Sesso R. Burden and quality of life of caregivers for hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002; 39(4):805-12.
18. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig JC. Support interventions for caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 23(12):3960-5.
19. Saeed Z, Ahmad AM, Shakoor A, Ghafoor F, Kanwal S. Depression in patients on hemodialysis and their caregivers. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012; 23(5):946-52.
20. Arechabala MC, Catoni MI, Palma E, Barrios S. Depresión y autopercepción de la carga del cuidado en pacientes en hemodiálisis y sus cuidadores. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2011; 30(1):74-9.
21. Álvarez L, González AM, Muñoz P. El cuestionario de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit. Cómo administrarlo e interpretarlo. Gac Sanit. 2008; 22(6):618-9.
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24. Fassett RG, Robertson IK, Mace R, Youl L, Challenor S, Bull R. Palliative care in end-stage kidney disease. Nephrology. 2011; 16(1):4-12.
25. Sherwood PR, Given CW, Given BA, von Eye A. Caregiver burden and depressive symptoms: Analysis of common outcomes in caregivers of elderly patients. J Aging Health. 2005;17(2):125-47.
26. Avşar U, Avşar UZ, Cansever Z, Yucel A, Cankaya E, Certez H, et al. Caregiver burden, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality differences in caregivers of hemodialysis patients compared with renal transplant patients. Transplant Proc. 2015;47(5):1388-91.
27. Oyegbile YO, Brysiewicz P. Family caregiver’s experiences of providing care to patients with End-Stage Renal Disease in South-West Nigeria. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(17-18):2624-32.
28. García-Calvente MM, Mateo-Rodríguez I, Maroto-Navarro G. El impacto de cuidar en la salud y la calidad de vida de las mujeres. Gac Sanit. 2004;18(5):83-92.
29. Torales J, Arce A, editores. El libro azul de psiquiatría. Asunción: EFACIM; 2012.
30. Kilic HF, Kaptanogullari H. A bicommunal study: Burden of caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Int J Caring Sci. 2017;10(3):1382-90.
31. Usman Shah HB, Atif I, Rashid F, Babar MW, Arshad F, Qamar W, et al. Assessment of caregiver burden of patients receiving dialysis treatment in Rawalpindi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017; 67(10):1498-501.
2. Cruz LN, Fleck MP, Polanczyk CA. Depression as a determinant of quality of life in patients with chronic disease: data from Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2010; 45(10):953-61.
3. Ganu VJ, Boima V, Adjei DN, Yendork JS, Dey ID, Yorke E, et al. Depression and quality of life in patients on long term hemodialysis at a nationalhospital in Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Ghana Med J. 2018;52(1):22-8.
4. Ibrahim S, El Salamony O. Depression, quality of life and malnutrition-inflammation scores in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol. 2008;28(5):784-91.
5. Pereira BDS, Fernandes NDS, de Melo NP, Abrita R, Grincenkov FRDS, Fernandes NMDS. Beyond quality of life: a cross sectional study on the mental health of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis and their caregivers. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):74.
6. Ampalam P, Gunturu S, Padma V. A comparative study of caregiver burden in psychiatric illness and chronic medical illness. Indian J Psychiatry. 2012; 54(3):239-43.
7. Eirini G, Georgia G. Caregivers of patients on haemodialysis. En: Mollaoglu M, editor. Caregiving and home care [Internet]. London: InTechOpen; 2018 [cited 2018 Oct 9]. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/caregiving-and-home-care/caregivers-of-patients-on-haemodialysis
8. Fan SL, Sathick I, McKitty K, Punzalan S. Quality of life of caregivers and patients on peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(5):1713-9.
9. Belasco A, Barbosa D, Bettencourt AR, Diccini S, Sesso R. Quality of life of family caregivers of elderly patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006; 48(6):955-63.
10. Rioux JP, Narayanan R, Chan CT. Caregiver burden among nocturnal home hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int. 2012; 16(2):214-9.
11. Shdaifat EA, Manaf MRA. Quality of life of caregivers and patients undergoing haemodialysis at Ministry of Health, Jordan. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 2012; 2(3):75–85.
12. Xhulia D, Gerta J, Dajana Z, Koutelekos I, Vasilopoulou Ch, Skopelitou M, Polikandrioti M. Needs of hemodialysis patients and factors affecting them. Glob J Health Sci. 2016; 8(6):109-120.
13. Rutkowski B, Rychlik I. Daily hemodialysis and caregivers burden. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(7):2074-6.
14. Caqueo-Urízar A, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J, Miranda-Castillo C. Quality of life in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A literature review. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:84.
15. Mashayekhi F, Pilevarzadeh M, Rafati F. The assessment of caregiver burden in caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Mater Sociomed. 2015;27(5):333-6.
16. Nagasawa H, Sugita I, Tachi T, Esaki H, Yoshida A, Kanematsu Y, et al. The relationship between dialysis patients’ quality of life and caregivers’ quality of life. Front Pharmacol. 2018; 9:770.
17. Belasco AG, Sesso R. Burden and quality of life of caregivers for hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002; 39(4):805-12.
18. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig JC. Support interventions for caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 23(12):3960-5.
19. Saeed Z, Ahmad AM, Shakoor A, Ghafoor F, Kanwal S. Depression in patients on hemodialysis and their caregivers. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012; 23(5):946-52.
20. Arechabala MC, Catoni MI, Palma E, Barrios S. Depresión y autopercepción de la carga del cuidado en pacientes en hemodiálisis y sus cuidadores. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2011; 30(1):74-9.
21. Álvarez L, González AM, Muñoz P. El cuestionario de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit. Cómo administrarlo e interpretarlo. Gac Sanit. 2008; 22(6):618-9.
22. Cerquera Córdoba AM, Granados F, Buitrago A. Sobrecarga en cuidadores de pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer. Psychol. Av. Discip. 2012; 6(1):35-45.
23. Muñoz Navarro SR. How many subjects do I need to power my study? Medwave. 2014;14(6):e5995.
24. Fassett RG, Robertson IK, Mace R, Youl L, Challenor S, Bull R. Palliative care in end-stage kidney disease. Nephrology. 2011; 16(1):4-12.
25. Sherwood PR, Given CW, Given BA, von Eye A. Caregiver burden and depressive symptoms: Analysis of common outcomes in caregivers of elderly patients. J Aging Health. 2005;17(2):125-47.
26. Avşar U, Avşar UZ, Cansever Z, Yucel A, Cankaya E, Certez H, et al. Caregiver burden, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality differences in caregivers of hemodialysis patients compared with renal transplant patients. Transplant Proc. 2015;47(5):1388-91.
27. Oyegbile YO, Brysiewicz P. Family caregiver’s experiences of providing care to patients with End-Stage Renal Disease in South-West Nigeria. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(17-18):2624-32.
28. García-Calvente MM, Mateo-Rodríguez I, Maroto-Navarro G. El impacto de cuidar en la salud y la calidad de vida de las mujeres. Gac Sanit. 2004;18(5):83-92.
29. Torales J, Arce A, editores. El libro azul de psiquiatría. Asunción: EFACIM; 2012.
30. Kilic HF, Kaptanogullari H. A bicommunal study: Burden of caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Int J Caring Sci. 2017;10(3):1382-90.
31. Usman Shah HB, Atif I, Rashid F, Babar MW, Arshad F, Qamar W, et al. Assessment of caregiver burden of patients receiving dialysis treatment in Rawalpindi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017; 67(10):1498-501.
