Valor diagnóstico de los criterios electrocardiográficos de hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo en la hipertensión arterial
Resumen
Introducción: el electrocardiograma constituye la primera prueba que ofrece datos para determinar la existencia de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda en la hipertensión arterial.
Objetivo: determinar el valor diagnóstico de los criterios electrocardiográficos de hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo en comparación a la ecocardiografía transtorácica en personas adultas con hipertensión arterial.
Material y método: diseño observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, tipo prueba diagnóstica, que incluyó a pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial internados en la Tercera Catedra de Clínica Médica desde enero del 2017 a junio del 2018. Se determinaron las variables demográficas, criterios electrocardiográficos y ecocardiográficos de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda.
Resultados: se incluyeron 150 pacientes, 84 (56%) fueron mujeres, edad media de 60±16 años; 103 (68,6%) tuvieron hipertrofia ventricular leve, 45 (30%) moderada y 2 (1,3%) grave. En pacientes con hipertrofia ventricular leve se obtuvo una sensibilidad de 8,7% para el criterio de Sokolow-Lyon y especificidad de 76,6% mientras que para el criterio de Cornell la sensibilidad fue 17,4% y especificidad 53,1%. En la hipertrofia ventricular moderada la sensibilidad fue 22,2% y especificidad 90,4% para Sokolow-Lyon y para Cornell la sensibilidad fue 46,6% y especificidad 73,6%. En la hipertrofia ventricular grave la sensibilidad fue 50% y especificidad 87,1% para el criterio de Sokolow-Lyon mientras que la sensibilidad fue 50% y especificidad 73,6% para el criterio de Cornell.
Conclusión: el criterio electrocardiográfico con mejor rendimiento para determinar la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda es el de Cornell. Los criterios de Sokolow-Lyon y de Cornell son eficaces para el grado de hipertrofia grave.
Citas
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