Orbital cellulitis due to Neisseria sp in a patient with HIV and syphilis
Keywords:
orbital cellulitis, HIV infections, syphilis, Neisseria
Abstract
Orbital cellulitis is a serious infection of the periocular tissues that may be associated with complications such as abscesses or loss of vision. It is usually caused by common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus spp. however, the involvement of Neisseria sp. is extremely rare. HIV, particularly with low CD4 count and high viral load, increases the risk of atypical infections, and coinfection with late latent syphilis may aggravate immunosuppression, facilitating opportunistic infections.
In this case report, we describe an HIV-positive patient with a diagnosis of late latent syphilis who develops orbital cellulitis secondary to Neisseria sp.
References
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2. Danishyar A, Sergent SR. Orbital cellulitis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. [cited 2024 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK507901/?report=reader
3. Kömür S, Ertürk D, Sevdimbaş S, Kuşcu F, İnal AS, Kurtaran B, Candevir A, Taşova Y. Evaluation of HIV and syphilis co-infected cases, data from a University Hospital. Curr HIV Res. 2024;22(3):153-7. doi: 10.2174/011570162X313718240514042111
4. Kahler ChM. Neisseria species and their complicated relationships with human health. Microbiol Aust [Internet]. 2021[cited 2024 Oct 30];42(2):79-83. Available from: https://www.publish.csiro.au/ma/pdf/MA21024 doi: 10.1071/MA21024.
5. Godoy-Mancilla J, Oyarzun-Barrientos C, Marín-Cornuy M, Carrasco-Sanhueza E, Águila-Torres P. Infecciones oculares de origen bacteriano asociadas a infecciones de transmisión sexual: Una revisión. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2022;97(1):17-27. doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2021.01.013
6. Bibb LA, Htet KZ, Waldman CW, Sloan SB. Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in ophthalmology. Clin Dermatol. 2024 Jan-Feb;42(1):25-37. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.08.011. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37582453/
7. Bastion MLC, Prakash K, Siow YC, Loh SS. Bilateral corneal perforation in a sexually active adult male with gonococcal conjunctivitis. Med J Malaysia [Internet]. 2006 cited 2024 Oct 30];61(3):366-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17240593/
8. Belga S, Gratrix J, Smyczek P, Bertholet L, Read R, Roelofs K, Singh AE. Gonococcal Conjunctivitis in Adults: Case Report and Retrospective Review of Cases in Alberta, Canada, 2000-2016. Sex Transm Dis. 2019 Jan;46(1):47-51. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000897. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30044333/
