Respuesta a la vacuna contra la hepatitis B en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica
Resumen
Introducción: la hepatitis B (HB) sigue siendo un importante problema de Salud Pública debido a las consecuencias que acarrea en los pacientes infectados. Entre los grupos de alto riesgo de adquirir este virus se encuentran los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en tratamiento hemodialítico, por lo que la vacunación constituye un importante método de prevención y protección contra el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB).
Objetivos: determinar el nivel de antiHBsAg y hallar la prevalencia de respuesta inadecuada a la vacuna contra la HB. Detectar los factores de riesgo asociados a la falta de respuesta inmunológica a la vacuna contra HB.
Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transverso, con componente analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos con ERC en tratamiento hemodialítico trisemanal del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá durante el 2015. A todos se les determinó antiHBsAg.
Resultados: se incluyeron 89 sujetos, de los cuales 47% tuvieron una respuesta inadecuada a la vacuna contra el VHB, con un leve predominio del sexo masculino.
Conclusiones: la frecuencia de respuesta inadecuada a la vacuna es 47%. La edad, el hábito tabáquico, las comorbilidades y el estado de nutrición por IMC resultaron como factores de riesgo no significativos en la respuesta inadecuada a la vacuna contra el VHB, mientras que los años de hemodiálsis y la uremia se relacionaron de manera significativa a esta mala respuesta.
Citas
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